قرآنیات پر مسلم مسیحی جدلیاتی ادب : برصغیر کے تناظر میں

Muslim-Christian Polemical Literature on Qur’anic Studies: A Perspective from the Subcontinent

Abstract

The origins of Muslim-Christian polemical tendencies can be traced back to the revelation of Quranic verses that directly challenged core Christian doctrines, including the Trinity, divinity of Christ, atonement, and divine sonship. The earliest traces of dialogical polemical discussions are found in the prophetic era through the interactions with Muqawqis, the ruler of Egypt, and the delegation from Najran. The initial indicators of Muslim-Christian military confrontation emerged in the form of Sariya Mu'tah and the Battle of Tabuk. This sequence of ideological and military conflicts intensified during the Caliphate period and subsequent Muslim eras due to Islamic conquests. The extraordinary penetration of Muslims into the Christian world was perceived as a challenge by both the Church and Western Christendom. When military confrontations and campaigns became unfeasible, the Christian world decided to maintain anti-Muslim sentiment through literary means. The formal beginning of written polemical literature was initiated from the Christian side through John of Damascus's (Yahya ibn Mansur) criticisms of Islam. In response, Muslim scholars began systematic written critiques and studies addressing Christian beliefs and misconceptions about Islam, the Quran, and Islamic requirements. This artical discuss and introduce western impact on subcontinental Muslim-Christian polemical approaches on Quran.

Keywords:       Religious Polemics, John of Damascus, Islamic Apologetics, Western Christendom, Religious Confrontation, Medieval Religious Discourse, Theological Debates