An Analytical Study of Public Welfare Programs During The Umayyad Dynasty: A Historical Review

Abstract

When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ passed away in 632 AD, a series of four caliphs خلفائے   راشدین followed Him ﷺ. Under their dominance and supervision the Muslim army conquered Arabia Peninsula the shores of the Mediterranean and eastern Iran. However, after the assassination of Hazrat Ali, Ameer Muawiya the governor of Syria established the Umayyad dynasty the first Islamic dynasty (661–750 AD). During Muawiya’s reign (661–680) the power was transferred from the Arabian Peninsula to Syria. Under Muawiya’s successors remarkable contributions were made such as the expansion of Islamic empire. The empire stretched to China, India, North African countries and Span. The Umayyad dynasty built a bundle of fantastic and grandeur buildings and cities. Arabic became the official language and Islam the principal religion of the diverse lands unified under Umayyad rule. The Umayyad period was often considered the formative period in Islamic history. Developed a sophisticated and well organized administrative system. This article investigate the brief history of Umayyad dynasty and their contributions such as their literary works and public welfare programs.