پاکستان کے توہین مذہب کے قوانین : تاریخی پس منظر اور جدید دور کے چیلنجز

Pakistan's Blasphemy Laws Historical Background and Modern Challenges

Abstract

The blasphemy laws in Pakistan have been a subject of significant debate and controversy, both nationally and internationally. Rooted in the colonial legal framework of the Indian Penal Code of 1860, these laws were initially intended to maintain public order by preventing religiously offensive acts. However, significant amendments in the 1980s, under the military regime of General Zia-ul-Haq, intensified their scope, particularly focusing on safeguarding Islamic sentiments. This paper traces the historical evolution of blasphemy laws in Pakistan, examining their origins, legislative changes, and the socio-political context influencing their enforcement. It also addresses contemporary challenges, including allegations of misuse for personal vendettas, the impact on religious minorities, and the international criticism regarding human rights violations. The discussion extends to the legal and social reforms proposed by various stakeholders, aimed at ensuring justice and preventing abuse. The paper argues that while these laws are intended to protect religious sentiments, they often clash with fundamental human rights and freedom of expression. A balanced approach, incorporating both the protection of religious beliefs and the safeguarding of individual rights, is essential for addressing the complexities surrounding Pakistan's blasphemy laws in the modern era.